Quasi-judicial bodies are institutions that are not regular courts, but which have the authority to interpret law, conduct hearings, examine evidence, and pass binding decisions in specific matters.

They combine administrative functions with judicial powers, hence the term quasi (meaning almost). In simple terms: they act like courts, but are not courts. They are usually statutory authorities or tribunals created to handle specialised disputes that require technical expertise, speedy resolution, and flexible procedures.

Some important examples include:

• National Green Tribunal
• Securities and Exchange Board of India
• Central Administrative Tribunal
• Income Tax Appellate Tribunal

These bodies reduce the burden on regular courts and provide domain-specific justice.

 Functions of Quasi-Judicial Bodies

The major functions include:

1. Adjudication of Disputes

They hear and decide disputes between:

• citizens and the government
• private parties
• regulatory authorities and service providers

2. Interpretation of Law

They interpret statutes, rules, and regulations related to their field and apply them to individual cases.

3. Conducting Inquiries

They have powers to:

• summon parties
• examine witnesses
• demand documents

4. Enforcement of Decisions

Their decisions are legally binding, subject to appeal before higher courts.

5. Protection of Rights

They protect service rights, consumer interests, environmental rights, and economic fairness.

 Nature of Quasi-Judicial Bodies

1. Legal Basis

Quasi-judicial bodies are not created by the Constitution. They are established through Acts of Parliament, Rules, regulations, or executive orders; hence, they are statutory or administrative bodies, not constitutional bodies.

2. Composition

They are usually headed by a judicial member (retired judge or legal expert), and/or a technical or administrative expert. This ensures both legal reasoning and subject expertise.

3. Procedure

They follow principles of natural justice, such as right to be heard (audi alteram partem) and issues reasoned orders. However, they are not bound by strict procedural laws like the Civil Procedure Code.

4. Accountability

Their decisions are subject to judicial review by High Courts and the Supreme Court and legislative and administrative oversight

Key Features :

• Perform judicial functions without being courts
• Statutory in nature
• Limited jurisdiction
• Flexible procedures
• Decisions appealable in higher courts

Conclusion

Quasi-judicial bodies play a vital role in modern governance by delivering speedy, expert, and cost-effective justice in specialised areas. They act as an essential bridge between administration and judiciary, ensuring fairness while easing the workload of traditional courts.